THE CUBA REPUBLICANA (1902-1952)
By Amicus Plato (Mr. Omar Diaz de Arce)
The establishment of the nation-state in Cuba, home of the famous cuban cigar, took place almost a century later than in most of Latin America. The precious jewel in the crown in Spanish followed overseas during that time subjected to a strict regimen of colonial exploitation which, in addition to the ravages of two long emancipatory contests (1868-78, 1995-98), the left exhausted and nearly out of resources to undertake independent living at the beginning of the twentieth century. With regard to the formation of the nation the opposite happened: Cuba was the first one nationality vibrant (because of the long struggles liberty) and later onset, not smooth, the hard building of a democratic republic. We must not forget that the constituent elements of the Latin American nations appeared in the colonial period and developed throughout the nineteenth century, until the relative consolidation of relations capitalists made possible the appearance of genuine national communities in
the early decades of this century, albeit with significant regional disparities of ethnic integration, socio-economic and institutional. In the first phase of the national organization (1825-1850-70), the conservative state, in the hands of old Creole oligarchy allied to the clergy, try to maintain the colonial structures, which inaugurated a prolonged period of civil wars and kept the fractionation Internally, despite the centralist formulas adopted by this type of regimen almost everywhere. Hypertrophy of the institutional factor? Constitutional fetishism? or the reverse? warlordism politico-military? served to compensate, in terms very weak, the weakness of the constituent elements of the state and nation. Most of the à "teoricasà republics" such as call Marti, were also in the midst of ongoing civil wars between conservatives and liberals, federalists and centralists. Clear that behind those disputes resolved the issues are much more profound: the elimination of the colonial privileges of the church and the aristocracy landowner, the demands of the rural and urban population, the abolition of slavery in the areas of plantation, in a word The way to achieve the consolidation of new states and their link to the centers of the global economy. Since the mid-nineteenth century, liberal reforms accelerated the progress of the market economy and contributed to a relative stabilization of the state order, while favoring the inclusion of Latin American countries to the new scheme of the international division of labor. Glatt Kosher Passover Program in Switzerland From there onwards, most governments south of the Rio Grande were devoted to promoting the economic integration of the national territory? Abolition of internal customs and accessories; start of the construction of railways, its alignment with the territory of the state? Internal colonization , Forced mobilization of large groups of population on the basis of the export economy, à 'conquest of desiertoÃ'? disentailment and archaic forms of communal property or corporate? ejido lands, dead hands. The concurrent processes of ethnic integration is stopped or progressed very slowly in countries where large segments of the indigenous peasants continued to be marginalized in national life. In Cuba, where the formation of the nation will advance its dynamic to the constitution of the nation-state, the rapid economic growth in the second half of S. XIX, aided by the proximity of the North American market, and the remarkable progress in physical integration of the country (railroads, telegraph), allowed to move forward on the path to success for liberal reforms were trying to clear in several Latin American countries, despite the losses caused by the first war of independence (1868-78), the late abolition of slavery (like Brazil) and the drain of resources caused by the maintenance of the colonial situation. This, coupled with Rabbinical Supervision the prevailing ideological climate and the awkward politics of the Metropoli undoubtedly contributed to the preferences patriotic turning toward the liberal creed in its most advanced and democratic alternative. I could not be otherwise, after several decades of war and mobilization of large segments of the population against a colonial power that brings me to concentrate on the island more soldiers than those used by Spain in all its bells previous boards. The prolonged struggles for independence, and even with the reforms or the autonomous system, resulting in an unprecedented strengthening of the national consciousness again.
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